Hazrat Umar Farooq, one of the most influential and revered figures in Islamic history, was born in Mecca around 586-590 CE to the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe. His father was Khattab ibn Nufayl, a respected leader of the tribe. Umar's early life was marked by his strength, courage, and intelligence, which earned him respect among his peers. He was literate, a rare skill in pre-Islamic Arabia, and learned martial arts, archery, and swordsmanship.¹ ² ³
*Early Life Highlights:*
- Born in Mecca to the Quraysh tribe
- Learned martial arts, archery, and swordsmanship
- Known for strength, courage, and intelligence
- Literate, a rare skill in pre-Islamic Arabia
*Conversion to Islam:*
Umar initially opposed Islam, even persecuting Muslims, but his heart softened after hearing Quranic verses. He converted to Islam, and his newfound faith transformed his life. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dubbed him "Al-Farooq," meaning "the one who distinguishes between truth and falsehood".⁴
*Role in Islamic History:*
Umar played a pivotal role in Islamic history, serving as a trusted advisor to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and later as the second caliph of Islam. During his caliphate, Islam expanded, and he established a just and fair administration.
*Caliphate Achievements:*
- *Administrative Reforms*:
Established a system of governance, taxation, and justice
- *Construction Projects*:
Built canals, marketplaces, and roads, improving infrastructure
- *Educational Advancements*:
Encouraged education, leading to the establishment of schools and institutions
- *Military Reforms*:
Strengthened the military, expanding Islamic territories
Hazrat Umar Farooq's martyrdom occurred on November 3, 644 CE, corresponding to 1st Muharram 24 AH. He was assassinated by Abu Lulu Feroz, a Persian slave, while leading the Fajr prayer in Masjid-e-Nabawi, Medina. Umar Farooq suffered fatal wounds from multiple stabs and passed away three days later, on 1st Muharram 24 AH, at the age of 63.
*Circumstances Leading to Martyrdom:*
- Abu Lulu Feroz held a personal grudge against Umar Farooq, partly due to the defeat of the Persian Empire during his caliphate.
- Hormuzan, a Persian military officer who was taken prisoner by Muslims, allegedly backed Abu Lulu Feroz in his assassination plan.
*The Assassination:*
- Abu Lulu Feroz attacked Umar Farooq with a poisoned dagger while he was leading the Fajr prayer.
- Umar Farooq signaled to Abdur Rahman ibn Awf to lead the prayer, and he was carried home.
- Before passing away, Umar Farooq asked about his attacker and was informed that Abu Lulu Feroz had committed suicide after being cornered.
*Legacy and Significance:*
- Umar Farooq's martyrdom symbolizes selflessness and dedication, as he was willing to face danger for the community.
- His legacy continues to inspire leaders and individuals globally, emphasizing justice, fairness, and moral integrity.
- Umar Farooq played a pivotal role in expanding the Islamic empire and establishing a just and fair administration.¹ ²